|
||
ABRASION RESISTANCE
Refers to the wearing qualities of stone when
subjected to abrasion by foot traffic.
|| ABSORPTION
Measure of the stone's mass with respect to its resistance
to water absorption.
|| ANTIQUED
The stone is sand blasted and treated with waterproofing
and oil-proofing products to bring out the natural colour
of the stone, giving it an antiqued look.
 |
| Antiqued finish |
|| APPARENT DENSITY
(mass per unit volume)
Test used to determine the density of the stone.
||
BRUSHED
Finish obtained by brushing the surface, which has previously
been flamed or sandblasted, with special tools to achieve
a surface texture that is pleasant to the touch.
 |
| Brushed |
||
BUSH HAMMERED
Technique applied to the untreated surface to create a rough corrugated finish in various grades. The markings are relatively even.
 |
 |
Fine
bush-hammered
finish |
Coarse
bush-hammered
finish |
||
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Measure of the stone's mass with respect to its resistance
to loading.
||
CUT-TO-SIZE PAVING
Paving designs whereby the various elements are produced
from detailed original drawings that are also used throughout
the production process and assembly in the workshop
or in-situ. The cut sheet includes details of the shape
of wall and paving elements, jointing layout, colour
scheme, apparent veining, type of stone, surface finish,
design and jointing materials used. Further possibilities
are offered by combining this with other types of elements
such as Greek frets, centrepieces, etc.
 |
| Cut-to-measure
paving |
||
EDGES
 |
 |
| Edge |
Double
Bevelled Edge |
 |
 |
| Single
Bevelled Edge |
Rounded
Edge |
 |
 |
| Bullnose
Edge |
Half
Bullnose Or Bird's Beak |
||
ENDS
 |
|
| Straight
end |
Double
bevelled end |
|
|
| Single
bevelled end |
Round
end |
|
|
| Bullnose
end |
Half
bullnose or bird's beak end |
 |
| Riser
end |
||
FLAME FINISHED
Surface treatment used on granite to achieve a rough
finish. The sawn face is subjected to an oxyhydrogen
flame to emphasise the crystalline grain.
 |
| Flame
finish |
||
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
Refers to the stone's resistance to rupture under flexure.
||
GRANITE
Rock with a granular structure created by the solidification
of magma below the earth's crust. Granite presents optimal
chemical, physical and mechanical properties (resistance
to atmospheric agents, pollution, compressive strength
and resistance to wearing), especially when there is
a high quartz content and fine or medium grain.
||
HONED
The surface is given a more or less smooth finish depending
on the grain of the abrasive used.
||
INLAID WORK
Assembled elements consisting in a slab of cut or scraped
out stone into which other elements are inlaid.
 |
| Inlaid
work |
||
MARBLE
Metamorphic carbonate rock that has acquired a distinctive
crystalline texture by recrystallisation and is composed
principally of the carbonate minerals calcite and dolomite.
From a commercial point of view, the marble group also
includes other stones that can be polished, such as
limestone, onyx marble, serpentine and travertine.
|| MODULAR
MARBLE/MODULAR GRANITE
Modular wall and floor tiles. Standard dimensions and
thicknesses.
 |
| Modular
marble/granite |
|| MODULAR
TILES
Tiles of a regular size and shape laid in geometric
patterns. The material may be finished in the workshop
or in situ. The dimensions and thickness of the tiles
vary according to the intended application and characteristics
of the material used.
 |
| Modular
tiles |
|| MOSAIC
Small pieces of stone of regular shape and size laid
so as to create designs based on geometric patterns
or colour schemes.
|| OPUS INCERTUM
(crazy paving)
Pieces of an irregular size, shape and thickness, split
from larger slabs and laid without any specific pattern.
Includes PALLADIAN and
OPUS SECTILE
 |
| Opus
incertum |
|| OPUS ROMANUM
Regular geometric shapes formed from slabs of stone of
a single thickness. Various stones may be used to produce
non-repetitive designs. The pieces can either be laid
finished or the overall design can be polished in situ.
 |
| Opus
romanum |
|| OPUS SECTILE
Pavement or wall cladding assembled in a similar manner
to the PALLADIAN, with the difference that in OPUS SECTILE
the pieces form intricate, extremely beautiful designs.
Colour is used to give shape and naturalness to the pattern.
 |
| Opus
sectile |
||
PALLADIAN (crazy paving)
Tiles of irregular size and shape laid in casual patterns.
The designs are usually more sophisticated than OPUS
INCERTUM and the overall effect is usually more refined.
Pieces of a uniform thickness are laid with the sawn
face apparent. The overall design can subsequently be
honed or polished as desired.
|| PATINATED
Finishing technique usually applied to marble to achieve
an antiqued, distressed finish. Achieved by rubbing
the smooth surface with abrasive brushes to achieve
the desired effect.
 |
| Patinated
finish |
||
POLISHED
The surface is polished with a progressively finer abrasive,
which reduces the surface porosity and gives it a high
lustre.
 |
| Polished
finish |
||
SAND-BLASTED
Treatment that accentuates the natural properties of
the stone. Achieved by exposing the stone to a steady
flow of sand under pressure to achieve a rough, matt
surface with softened edges. Generally used for areas
requiring a non-slip surface.
Creates an attractive variegated effect similar to that
achieved by combining bush hammering with a polished
finish.
||
STRINGER
 |
 |
| Stringer
with rebated edge |
Stringer
with rebated bullnose edge |
 |
| Stringer
with rebated half bullnose edge |
||
TRAVERTINES
Sedimentary rocks that form at the earth's surface through
the action of thermal mineral waters with a high concentration
of calcium carbonate. Often contain animal and plant
fossils. The chemical, mechanical and physical properties
of travertines make them particularly suited to outdoor
applications.
|| TUMBLED
Harsh technique whereby the blocks or tiles are placed
in a tumbler and tumbled or agitated to achieve a smooth
distressed finish and rounded corners. Maximum dimensions:
40-cm-x-40 cm.
 |
| Tumbled finish |
|| VARIOUS finiture
 |
 |
| Round edge with unfinished margin |
Straight edge with unfinished margin |
 |
 |
| Non-slip strip |
Drip channel |
 |
 |
| Non-slip strip with margin |
Drip channel with unfinished margin |
 |
 |
| Semi-bullnose edge with unfinished margin |
Bullnose edge with unfinished margin |
 |
 |
| Underside finished where seen |
"L" corner |
 |
 |
| Tread return |
1x1 staff bead |
 |
 |
| Concave corner |
45 ° bevelled corner with straight edge |
||
VENEZIANA
Decorative technique composed of small, irregular pieces
of stone that are tossed together and thrown onto the
base randomly or according to a specific design or colour
scheme.
 |
| Veneziana |
||
WHITE MARBLES
Pure recrystalised limestone characterised by a coarser
grain than the original stone. The finer the grain, the
easier the stone is to work and the more resistant it
is to atmospheric stresses.
|
